موسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی غیردولتی شاندیز مشهد انفورماتیک در زیست شناسی، بهداشت و غذا 3092-6157 3 1 2026 05 22 Nanobodies in Camel Biological Fluids: A Promising Frontier in Cancer Treatment نانوذرات در مایعات بیولوژیکی شتر: مروری بر مرزی امیدوارکننده در درمان سرطان 1 12 240546 10.22034/ibhf.2026.561110.1047 FA محمدجواد سلیمی دانشجوی کارشناسی، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، چهارمحال و بختیاری، ایران 0009-0008-1651-8919 محمدحسین پاکروح دانشجوی دکتری حرفه‌ای دامپزشکی، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه شهرکرد، چهارمحال و بختیاری، ایران 0009-0004-7335-7753 مجید پسندیده استادیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران 0000-0001-5340-7072 محیا رئیسی اردلی دانشجوی دکتری حرفه‌ای دامپزشکی، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه شهرکرد، چهارمحال و بختیاری، ایران 0009-0002-1164-7005 Journal Article Cancer remains a major global health challenge, and the limitations of conventional antibody therapies have highlighted the need for novel approaches. Nanobodies derived from camel biofluids, particularly nanobodies and exosomes, have emerged as promising candidates in this field due to their unique structural features. The aim of this review is to comprehensively investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of these nanoparticles. This study was conducted as a narrative review by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases between 2000 and 2025. The literature review shows that camel nanobodies, due to their small size and high stability, have deeper penetration into tumor tissues and are able to inhibit proliferation and angiogenesis pathways. Camel milk exosomes as nanocarriers also enhance drug efficacy and overcome drug resistance. Recent advances in immunotherapy and nanobody-based CAR-T cells have also shown promising results. Camel-derived nanoparticles have great potential to become a mainstay of targeted cancer therapies. However, future research should focus on standardizing their production and increasing their stability in the bloodstream. سرطان همچنان یکی از چالش‌های اصلی سلامت جهانی است و محدودیت‌های درمان‌های آنتی‌بادی متداول، نیاز به رویکردهای نوین را برجسته کرده است. نانو اجسام مشتق از مایعات زیستی شتر، به‌ویژه نانوبادی‌ها و اگزوزوم‌ها، به دلیل ویژگی‌های منحصربه‌فرد ساختاری، به عنوان نامزدهای امیدوارکننده‌ای در این حوزه مطرح شده‌اند. هدف این مطالعه مروری، بررسی جامع پتانسیل‌های تشخیصی و درمانی این نانوذرات است. این مطالعه به‌صورت مرور روایتی (Narrative Review) با جستجو در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی PubMed، Scopus و Google Scholar در بازه زمانی ۲۰۰۰ تا ۲۰۲۵ انجام شد. بررسی متون نشان می‌دهد که نانوبادی‌های شتر به دلیل اندازه کوچک و پایداری بالا، نفوذ عمیق‌تری به بافت‌های توموری داشته و قادرند مسیرهای تکثیر و رگ‌زایی را مهار کنند. همچنین، اگزوزوم‌های شیر شتر به‌عنوان نانوحامل، اثربخشی داروها را افزایش داده و بر مقاومت دارویی غلبه می‌کنند. پیشرفت‌های اخیر در ایمونوتراپی و سلول‌های CAR-T مبتنی بر نانوبادی نیز نتایج امیدبخشی نشان داده‌اند. نانو اجسام مشتق از شتر پتانسیل بالایی برای تبدیل‌شدن به رکن اصلی درمان‌های هدفمند سرطان دارند. با این حال، تحقیقات آتی باید بر استانداردسازی تولید و افزایش پایداری آن‌ها در گردش خون متمرکز شود..

https://ibhf.shandiz.ac.ir/article_240546_a7265bd4976855accb267c0155b1ab6a.pdf

موسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی غیردولتی شاندیز مشهد انفورماتیک در زیست شناسی، بهداشت و غذا 3092-6157 3 1 2026 05 22 Clinical Applications of Whole-Exome Sequencing in Breast Cancer: A Review of Advancements, Challenges, and Future Perspectives کاربردهای بالینی توالی‌یابی کل اگزوم در سرطان پستان: مروری بر پیشرفت‌ها، چالش‌ها و چشم‌انداز آینده 13 26 245158 10.22034/ibhf.2026.576151.1049 FA نگین پارسامنش زنجان شهرک کارمندان دانشکده پزشکی اکرم اسدی کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زنجان، زنجان، ایران Journal Article 2026 02 17 Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide and, owing to its marked genetic heterogeneity, presents substantial challenges for accurate risk stratification and optimal treatment selection. This narrative review with an analytical perspective aims to evaluate the clinical applications of Whole Exome Sequencing (WES), explore its associated challenges, and discuss future directions in breast cancer management. Relevant studies published up to 2026 were identified through systematic searches of the PubMed and Embase databases, and articles addressing the clinical utility of WES in breast cancer were included. Current evidence indicates that WES, by targeting the protein-coding regions of the genome, enables the simultaneous detection of both established and novel genetic variants. Compared with targeted gene panels, WES offers more comprehensive coverage of clinically relevant genomic alterations, while remaining more cost-effective and clinically feasible than whole-genome sequencing (WGS). WES has emerged as a valuable tool for characterizing tumour heterogeneity, assessing tumour mutational burden (TMB), identifying actionable genetic alterations, and supporting patient selection for immunotherapy and precision oncology approaches. Despite these advantages, several challenges continue to hinder the widespread clinical implementation of WES, including difficulties in interpreting variants of uncertain significance (VUS), technical and analytical variability, limited genomic data from underrepresented populations, and the financial and infrastructural requirements associated with large-scale sequencing. Overall, WES represents a powerful genomic technology with considerable potential to improve the diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and personalized treatment of breast cancer. As sequencing technologies and bioinformatics methodologies continue to advance, its role in routine clinical practice is expected to expand. However, the full realization of its clinical utility will depend on greater standardization, improved representation of diverse populations in genomic databases, and the development of robust frameworks for clinical interpretation and decision-making. سرطان پستان شایع‌ترین بدخیمی در میان زنان در سراسر جهان است و به دلیل ناهمگنی ژنتیکی گسترده، چالش‌های قابل توجهی را در طبقه‌بندی دقیق خطر و انتخاب درمان مناسب ایجاد می‌کند. این مطالعه مروری با رویکردی تحلیلی با هدف بررسی کاربردهای بالینی توالی‌یابی کل اگزوم (Whole Exome Sequencing; WES) ، تبیین چالش‌های مرتبط و ارزیابی چشم‌اندازهای آینده این فناوری در مدیریت سرطان پستان انجام شد. در این مطالعه مروری، مقالات منتشرشده تا سال 2026 از طریق جستجو در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی PubMed و Embase شناسایی شدند. سپس مطالعات مرتبط با کاربردهای بالینی توالی‌یابی کل اگزوم در سرطان پستان انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که توالی‌یابی کل اگزوم با تمرکز بر نواحی کدکننده ژنوم، امکان شناسایی همزمان جهش‌های شناخته‌شده و جدید را فراهم می‌کند. این روش در مقایسه با پنل‌های ژنی هدفمند، پوشش جامع‌تری از تغییرات ژنتیکی مرتبط با بیماری ارائه می‌دهد و در عین حال نسبت به توالی‌یابی کل ژنوم از نظر هزینه و قابلیت کاربرد بالینی مقرون‌به‌صرفه‌تر است. همچنین WES نقش مهمی در ارزیابی ناهمگنی تومور، تعیین بار جهشی تومور (TMB) ، شناسایی اهداف درمانی و انتخاب بیماران مناسب برای ایمونوتراپی و رویکردهای پزشکی دقیق ایفا می‌کند. با این حال، تفسیر واریانت‌های با اهمیت نامشخص (VUS)، ناهمگنی‌های فنی و تحلیلی، کمبود داده‌های ژنومی در جمعیت‌های کمتر مطالعه‌شده و هزینه‌های اجرایی از جمله موانع اصلی کاربرد گسترده این فناوری در بالین به شمار می‌روند. توالی‌یابی کل اگزوم به عنوان یکی از ابزارهای توانمند پزشکی دقیق، ظرفیت بالایی برای بهبود تشخیص، پیش‌آگهی و درمان شخصی‌سازی‌شده سرطان پستان دارد. انتظار می‌رود با پیشرفت فناوری‌های توالی‌یابی و روش‌های بیوانفورماتیکی، نقش این فناوری در مراقبت‌های بالینی بیش از پیش گسترش یابد. با این حال، تحقق کامل ظرفیت بالینی آن مستلزم استانداردسازی فرایندها، کاهش شکاف‌های موجود در داده‌های جمعیتی و توسعه چارچوب‌های مناسب برای تفسیر و تصمیم‌گیری بالینی است.

https://ibhf.shandiz.ac.ir/article_245158_f05b7916197d99443052a19dc82ba849.pdf

موسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی غیردولتی شاندیز مشهد انفورماتیک در زیست شناسی، بهداشت و غذا 3092-6157 3 1 2026 05 22 Investigating the Relationship between Protozoa and Nematode Density with Turbidity, Rainfall, and Seasonal Variations in Chah‑Nimeh III Wetland, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran بررسی ارتباط تراکم پروتوزوآ و نماتدها با کدورت، بارندگی و تغییرات فصلی در تالاب چاه‌نیمه سوم، سیستان و بلوچستان، ایران 27 37 245774 10.22034/ibhf.2026.581703.1051 FA راسله عطائی گزیک آزمایشگاه مرکزی آب و فاضلاب استان سیستان و بلوچستان ،ایران هدیه نوذری نیا آزمایشگاه مرکزی شرکت آب و فاضلاب استان سیستان و بلوچستان ،ایران فاطمه حجی عباسی آزمایشگاه مواد غذایی مشهد،ایران Journal Article 2026 05 15 Aquatic microorganisms are considered important components of wetland ecosystems, and variations in physical and hydrological environmental conditions can affect their density and dynamics. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the density of biological factors (nematodes and protozoa) and changes in turbidity, rainfall, and seasonal variations in the Chah‑Nimeh III Wetland, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran, during the period from April 2025 to May 2026. In this study, surface water samples were collected periodically from the wetland, and the density of biological groups including protozoa and nematodes was measured along with physicochemical parameters including temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and turbidity. Rainfall data were also collected throughout the study period. To evaluate the relationships among variables, statistical analyses including Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression analysis were performed. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between protozoa density and water turbidity, such that protozoa density increased with increasing turbidity. The highest protozoa density was observed in October 2025, simultaneously with the highest turbidity level. A positive relationship was also observed between nematode density and turbidity, which was statistically significant according to the Spearman correlation test. In contrast, the relationship between rainfall and the density of nematodes and protozoa was generally weak and negative, while Pearson correlation analysis showed no statistically significant association, suggesting possible nonlinear relationships or high variability in the data. Overall, the results demonstrated that turbidity is a more suitable indicator than rainfall for predicting changes in microorganism populations in this wetland. Furthermore, seasonal variations play an important role in fluctuations in the density of microscopic organisms. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the biological dynamics of aquatic ecosystems and support regional water resource management. میکروارگانیسم‌های آبی از اجزای مهم اکوسیستم‌های تالابی به شمار می‌آیند و تغییرات شرایط فیزیکی و هیدرولوژیکی محیط می‌تواند بر تراکم و پویایی آن‌ها تأثیرگذار باشد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی ارتباط تراکم عوامل بیولوژیک (نماتدها و پروتوزوآ) با تغییرات کدورت، بارندگی و فصل‌ها در تالاب چاه‌نیمه سوم استان سیستان و بلوچستان طی دوره فروردین ۱۴۰۴ تا اردیبهشت ۱۴۰۵ انجام شد. در این مطالعه نمونه‌برداری از آب سطحی تالاب به‌صورت دوره‌ای انجام گرفت و تراکم گروه‌های زیستی شامل پروتوزوآ و نماتدها همراه با پارامترهای فیزیکوشیمیایی شامل دما، pH، هدایت الکتریکی (EC) و کدورت اندازه‌گیری شد. همچنین داده‌های مربوط به میزان بارندگی در طول دوره مطالعه جمع‌آوری گردید. به‌منظور بررسی روابط بین متغیرها از آزمون‌های آماری همبستگی پیرسون، همبستگی اسپیرمن، تحلیل واریانس (ANOVA) و رگرسیون استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین تراکم پروتوزوآ و کدورت آب رابطه مثبت و معنی‌داری وجود دارد، به‌طوری‌که با افزایش کدورت، تراکم پروتوزوآ نیز افزایش یافت. بیشترین تراکم پروتوزوآ در مهرماه ۱۴۰۴ همزمان با بیشترین مقدار کدورت مشاهده شد. در مورد نماتدها نیز رابطه‌ای مثبت بین تراکم و کدورت مشاهده شد که در آزمون اسپیرمن معنی‌دار بود. در مقابل، ارتباط بارندگی با تراکم نماتدها و پروتوزوآ عمدتاً منفی و ضعیف ارزیابی شد و همبستگی پیرسون معنی‌داری نشان نداد که می‌تواند بیانگر وجود روابط غیرخطی یا پراکندگی بالای داده‌ها باشد. به‌طور کلی نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که کدورت نسبت به بارندگی شاخص مناسب‌تری برای پیش‌بینی تغییرات جمعیت میکروارگانیسم‌ها در این تالاب است. همچنین تغییرات فصلی نقش مهمی در نوسانات تراکم موجودات میکروسکوپی ایفا می‌کند. این یافته‌ها می‌تواند در درک بهتر پویایی زیستی اکوسیستم‌های آبی و مدیریت منابع آبی منطقه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

https://ibhf.shandiz.ac.ir/article_245774_231e18d15a24efc607cdd09906c3f0e5.pdf

موسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی غیردولتی شاندیز مشهد انفورماتیک در زیست شناسی، بهداشت و غذا 3092-6157 3 1 2026 05 22 Investigating the effect of hydrolyzed soy on the aging process in fibroblast cells بررسی اثر سویای هیدرولیز شده بر فرآیند پیری در سلول‌های فیبروبلاست 38 49 246887 10.22034/ibhf.2026.583941.1054 FA فریده قدسی شرکت پرشان توس آزما، پارک علم و فناوری سلامت مشهد – پژوهشکده بوعلی، مشهد، ایران الهه ودایع خیری مرکز تحقیقات بیولوژی کاربردی تکوین جانوری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد، مشهد، ایران 0009-0003-9333-2652 Journal Article 2026 05 30 Skin aging is a complex, multifactorial process that is significantly influenced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This radiation induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to collagen degradation and ultimately resulting in wrinkle formation. Soybean seed extract has been the subject of extensive research due to its antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anticancer properties. In the present study, alkaline hydrolysates derived from soybean were evaluated using the biuret test, ash content analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the DPPH antioxidant activity assay. The antimicrobial effect of the samples was also assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In addition, the impact of soybean hydrolysates on the viability and proliferation of murine L929 fibroblast cells, as well as their protective role against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (as an induced aging model), were investigated using the MTT assay. The findings indicated that alkaline soybean hydrolysates are rich in proteinaceous compounds and possess high antioxidant capacity, yet exhibit no inhibitory effect on microbial growth (based on the MIC test). Evaluation of these hydrolysates on healthy cells revealed a significant increase in proliferation across all tested concentrations. Furthermore, MTT results on hydrogen peroxide‑induced senescent fibroblasts demonstrated the highest protective effect at a dilution of 1:64, while the weakest protection was observed at 1:8. Overall, it can be concluded that soy protein hydrolysate, at an appropriate concentration, may serve as a natural and safe compound for use in cosmetic and personal care products, with the aim of providing cellular protection against oxidative aging. پیری پوست، فرایندی پیچیده و چندعاملی است که به‌طور قابل‌توجهی تحت تأثیر تابش فرابنفش (UV) قرار می‌گیرد. این اشعه با القای تولید گونه‌های فعال اکسیژن (ROS)، به تخریب کلاژن و در نهایت، ایجاد چین‌وچروک می‌انجامد. عصارۀ دانه‌های سویا به‌دلیل دارا بودن خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی، ضدتکثیری و ضدسرطانی، موضوع پژوهش‌های گسترده‌ای بوده است. در مطالعۀ حاضر، هیدرولیزات قلیایی حاصل از سویا با استفاده از آزمون بیوره، آنالیز خاکستر، طیف‌سنجی فروسرخ تبدیل‌فوریه (FTIR) و سنجش فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی به روش DPPH ارزیابی شد. اثر ضدباکتریایی نمونه‌ها نیز از طریق تعیین حداقل غلظت مهارکنندگی (MIC) بررسی گردید. افزون بر این، تأثیر هیدرولیزات سویا بر بقا و تکثیر سلول‌های فیبروبلاست موشی رده L929 و نیز نقش محافظتی آن در برابر استرس اکسیداتیو القاشده توسط پراکسید هیدروژن (به‌عنوان مدل پیری القایی)، با استفاده از سنجش MTT مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان داد که هیدرولیزات قلیایی سویا غنی از ترکیبات پروتئینی بوده و از ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی بالایی برخوردار است، اما فاقد اثر مهاری بر رشد میکروارگانیسم‌ها (بر اساس آزمون MIC) می‌باشد. بررسی اثر این هیدرولیزات بر سلول‌های سالم، افزایش معنی‌دار تکثیر را در تمامی غلظت‌های آزمایشی نشان داد. همچنین، نتایج حاصل از آزمون MTT بر روی سلول‌های پیرش‌یافتۀ ناشی از پراکسید هیدروژن، بیشترین اثر محافظتی را در غلظت 64/1 و کمترین اثر را در غلظت 8/1 آشکار ساخت. به‌طور کلی، چنین استنباط می‌شود که هیدرولیزات پروتئین سویا در غلظت مناسب، به‌عنوان یک ترکیب طبیعی و ایمن، می‌تواند در محصولات آرایشی-بهداشتی با هدف محافظت سلولی در برابر پیری اکسیداتیو مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

https://ibhf.shandiz.ac.ir/article_246887_dcdbc42c1821eeaa30bc7c2b12427710.pdf

موسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی غیردولتی شاندیز مشهد انفورماتیک در زیست شناسی، بهداشت و غذا 3092-6157 3 1 2026 05 22 TCGA-DL: A Lightweight Windows Application for Code-Free TCGA Data Download TCGA-DL: A Lightweight Windows Application for Code-Free TCGA Data Download 50 62 246805 10.22034/ibhf.2026.582464.1053 FA Amirmohammad Asgari Department of Computer Engineering, National University of Skills (NUS), Tehran, Iran 0009-0001-0577-0288 Abolfazl Ghasemi Department of Computer Engineering, National University of Skills (NUS), Tehran, Iran Mohammadreza Shahbazi Department of Computer Engineering, National University of Skills (NUS), Tehran, Iran Mahan Mirzadeh Department of Computer Engineering, National University of Skills (NUS), Tehran, Iran Siamak Salimy Department of Computer Engineering, National University of Skills (NUS), Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-8495-2807 Journal Article 2026 05 25 For many biologists, accessing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data can be technically demanding. For example, a wet-lab scientist looking to retrieve gene expression data for breast cancer samples must locate metadata among files, then craft a manifest and execute commands—often resulting in errors, incomplete downloads, or wasted hours. TCGA is a pivotal resource for cancer genomics, yet its utility is limited for non-programmers due to reliance on command-line tools or complex scripting for data download. Although the NCI’s GDC Data Transfer Tool supports manifest-based downloads, it lacks a graphical interface and offers no interactive data exploration. This study aimed to introduce and evaluate TCGA-DL as a Windows-based graphical application for retrieval and organization of open-access TCGA data using GDC-compatible manifest files. The application provides graphical data selection combined with GDC-compatible, manifest-driven downloads from the GDC portal. Users can browse and filter datasets by cancer type or project, data category, and sample attributes via a point-and-click interface. For RNA-seq gene expression quantification files, the expanded benchmark used small, medium, and large GDC-compatible manifests (10, 100, and 300 files; approximately 42.34 MB, 423.39 MB, and 1.27 GB) with 10 repeated runs per tool. TCGA-DL completed the three datasets in 47.01 ± 3.80 s, 452.04 ± 5.57 s, and 1301.39 ± 66.73 s, respectively, showing lower mean completion times than the GDC Data Transfer Tool in this specific benchmark. TCGAbiolinks showed higher raw download speed in the medium and large datasets, but required installation of R, Bioconductor dependencies, and script-based execution, whereas TCGA-DL provided a Windows GUI workflow for users who do not work in R. TCGA-DL may help reduce usability barriers for biologists and clinical researchers who need access to TCGA data without extensive command-line interaction. It is a Windows-based tool (Python 3 and Tkinter) distributed under the MIT license. For many biologists, accessing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data can be technically demanding. For example, a wet-lab scientist looking to retrieve gene expression data for breast cancer samples must locate metadata among files, then craft a manifest and execute commands—often resulting in errors, incomplete downloads, or wasted hours. TCGA is a pivotal resource for cancer genomics, yet its utility is limited for non-programmers due to reliance on command-line tools or complex scripting for data download. Although the NCI’s GDC Data Transfer Tool supports manifest-based downloads, it lacks a graphical interface and offers no interactive data exploration. This study aimed to introduce and evaluate TCGA-DL as a Windows-based graphical application for retrieval and organization of open-access TCGA data using GDC-compatible manifest files. The application provides graphical data selection combined with GDC-compatible, manifest-driven downloads from the GDC portal. Users can browse and filter datasets by cancer type or project, data category, and sample attributes via a point-and-click interface. For RNA-seq gene expression quantification files, the expanded benchmark used small, medium, and large GDC-compatible manifests (10, 100, and 300 files; approximately 42.34 MB, 423.39 MB, and 1.27 GB) with 10 repeated runs per tool. TCGA-DL completed the three datasets in 47.01 ± 3.80 s, 452.04 ± 5.57 s, and 1301.39 ± 66.73 s, respectively, showing lower mean completion times than the GDC Data Transfer Tool in this specific benchmark. TCGAbiolinks showed higher raw download speed in the medium and large datasets, but required installation of R, Bioconductor dependencies, and script-based execution, whereas TCGA-DL provided a Windows GUI workflow for users who do not work in R. TCGA-DL may help reduce usability barriers for biologists and clinical researchers who need access to TCGA data without extensive command-line interaction. It is a Windows-based tool (Python 3 and Tkinter) distributed under the MIT license.

https://ibhf.shandiz.ac.ir/article_246805_51f4860a934bef5d3da5854d9647d9b4.pdf

موسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی غیردولتی شاندیز مشهد انفورماتیک در زیست شناسی، بهداشت و غذا 3092-6157 3 1 2026 05 22 Valorization of Red Onion Peel Waste: Antibacterial Activity of Its Ethanolic Extract Against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Valorization of Red Onion Peel Waste: Antibacterial Activity of Its Ethanolic Extract Against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa 63 75 246886 10.22034/ibhf.2026.582146.1052 FA Laleh Khavari Hashemi Tabadkan District. Imam Reza High School, Unit 12,Ministry of Education. General Directorate of Education of Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad. Farzad َAsekhi Parshan Tos Azma Company, Mashhad health science and Technology Park-Bu Ali Research -Institute, Mashhad, Iran Asma Vaseghi Parshan Tos Azma Company, Mashhad health science and Technology Park-Bu Ali Research -Institute, Mashhad, Iran Journal Article 2026 05 18 The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa highlights the need for alternative antimicrobial agents. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract derived from red onion peel, an agricultural waste product, against clinical MDR P. aeruginosa isolates. Twelve clinical isolates were identified using standard microbiological and biochemical methods. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar well diffusion, broth microdilution, and OD₆₀₀-based spectrophotometric assays. The extract was tested at concentrations ranging from 100 to 0.195 mg/mL. The results demonstrated a strong concentration-dependent antibacterial effect. At 100 and 50 mg/mL, bacterial growth inhibition exceeded 90% across all isolates. At 25 and 12.5 mg/mL, a marked inter-strain variability in susceptibility was observed. Concentrations below 6.25 mg/mL showed negligible activity, comparable to the negative control (p > 0.05). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was defined using a modified IC90 (≥90% growth inhibition) approach due to the optical interference of crude plant extracts, with effective inhibitory activity observed mainly between 12.5 and 50 mg/mL. Overall, red onion peel ethanolic extract exhibited significant dose-dependent antibacterial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa, supporting its potential as a valorized bioactive waste-derived antimicrobial agent. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa highlights the need for alternative antimicrobial agents. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract derived from red onion peel, an agricultural waste product, against clinical MDR P. aeruginosa isolates. Twelve clinical isolates were identified using standard microbiological and biochemical methods. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar well diffusion, broth microdilution, and OD₆₀₀-based spectrophotometric assays. The extract was tested at concentrations ranging from 100 to 0.195 mg/mL. The results demonstrated a strong concentration-dependent antibacterial effect. At 100 and 50 mg/mL, bacterial growth inhibition exceeded 90% across all isolates. At 25 and 12.5 mg/mL, a marked inter-strain variability in susceptibility was observed. Concentrations below 6.25 mg/mL showed negligible activity, comparable to the negative control (p > 0.05). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was defined using a modified IC90 (≥90% growth inhibition) approach due to the optical interference of crude plant extracts, with effective inhibitory activity observed mainly between 12.5 and 50 mg/mL. Overall, red onion peel ethanolic extract exhibited significant dose-dependent antibacterial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa, supporting its potential as a valorized bioactive waste-derived antimicrobial agent.

https://ibhf.shandiz.ac.ir/article_246886_1932a98d696b63b79cddf301e2a64f4c.pdf

موسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی غیردولتی شاندیز مشهد انفورماتیک در زیست شناسی، بهداشت و غذا 3092-6157 3 1 2026 05 22 Expression of blaSHV in Beta-Lactam-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from Mashhad Expression of blaSHV in Beta-Lactam-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from Mashhad 76 84 243688 10.22034/ibhf.2026.575761.1048 FA Mona Raeisianzadeh Department of Biology, Kavian Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad,Iran Elnaz Karbaschian Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 0009-0002-0866-6635 Ammar Algburi PhD in Microbiology Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Diyala Iraq Fatemeh Kohansal Facutly of Science, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad,Iran Journal Article 2026 02 14 The role of blaSHV expression in beta‑lactam resistance among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the expression level of the blaSHV gene in beta‑lactam‑resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates obtained from hospitals in Mashhad. In this cross‑sectional study, 103 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were recovered from different hospital wards and clinical specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed against several β‑lactam antibiotics, including third‑ and fourth‑generation cephalosporins. Based on beta‑lactam resistance profiles, particularly resistance to cephalosporins, 20 representative isolates were selected for analysis of blaSHV gene expression using real‑time quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR). Total RNA was extracted, converted to cDNA, and gene expression levels were normalized to the 16S rRNA reference gene. Relative expression was calculated using the 2⁻ΔΔCt method with P. aeruginosa PAO1 as the calibrator strain. Statistical analysis was performed to compare expression levels with the reference strain. High resistance rates to several cephalosporins were observed among the isolates, including ceftriaxone (100%), ceftiofur (93.2%), ceftazidime (69%), and cefepime (68.2%). All analyzed isolates showed a significant upregulation of blaSHV expression compared with the PAO1 reference strain (p < 0.05). Increased blaSHV expression was also detected in some imipenem‑susceptible isolates, suggesting that transcriptional upregulation of this gene is not directly associated with carbapenem resistance. Upregulation of blaSHV is associated with resistance to extended‑spectrum cephalosporins in beta‑lactam‑resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates from Mashhad. Further studies are required to clarify the clinical implications of blaSHV overexpression and its contribution to beta‑lactam resistance mechanisms. The role of blaSHV expression in beta‑lactam resistance among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the expression level of the blaSHV gene in beta‑lactam‑resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates obtained from hospitals in Mashhad. In this cross‑sectional study, 103 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were recovered from different hospital wards and clinical specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed against several β‑lactam antibiotics, including third‑ and fourth‑generation cephalosporins. Based on beta‑lactam resistance profiles, particularly resistance to cephalosporins, 20 representative isolates were selected for analysis of blaSHV gene expression using real‑time quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR). Total RNA was extracted, converted to cDNA, and gene expression levels were normalized to the 16S rRNA reference gene. Relative expression was calculated using the 2⁻ΔΔCt method with P. aeruginosa PAO1 as the calibrator strain. Statistical analysis was performed to compare expression levels with the reference strain. High resistance rates to several cephalosporins were observed among the isolates, including ceftriaxone (100%), ceftiofur (93.2%), ceftazidime (69%), and cefepime (68.2%). All analyzed isolates showed a significant upregulation of blaSHV expression compared with the PAO1 reference strain (p < 0.05). Increased blaSHV expression was also detected in some imipenem‑susceptible isolates, suggesting that transcriptional upregulation of this gene is not directly associated with carbapenem resistance. Upregulation of blaSHV is associated with resistance to extended‑spectrum cephalosporins in beta‑lactam‑resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates from Mashhad. Further studies are required to clarify the clinical implications of blaSHV overexpression and its contribution to beta‑lactam resistance mechanisms.

https://ibhf.shandiz.ac.ir/article_243688_1ddfb3acf9bd76fd95747998ae514d8a.pdf

موسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی غیردولتی شاندیز مشهد انفورماتیک در زیست شناسی، بهداشت و غذا 3092-6157 3 1 2026 05 22 Composite integration of alginate, keratin, and Althaea officinalis extract into a multifunctional hydrogel scaffold officinalis extract into a multifunctional hydrogel scaffold for next‑generation antibacterial wound dressings Multifunctional Alginate–Keratin Hydrogel Enriched with Althaea officinalis Extract for Antibacterial Wound Dressings 85 105 245862 10.22034/ibhf.2026.579640.1050 FA Zohreh Kashianipour Mashhad health science And Technology Park-Bu Ali Research - Institute-Iran-Mashhad Parshan-Toos-Azma Farid Hosseini International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Saideh Askarian Department of Medical Biotechnology, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran Journal Article 2026 05 03 Chronic wound infections, particularly those caused by antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, represent a major global health burden, necessitating advanced naturally derived wound dressings with intrinsic antibacterial activity. This study aimed to fabricate a novel composite hydrogel scaffold based on sodium alginate, keratin, and Althaea officinalis extract, and identify the optimal formulation for wound dressing applications. Three alginate-to-keratin weight ratios (70:30, 50:50, and 30:70) were fabricated via ionic crosslinking with CaCl₂ followed by freeze-drying, and each formulation was loaded with Althaea officinalis extract at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 8%, and 10% (w/v). Scaffolds were characterized for morphology (SEM), chemical interactions (FTIR), swelling ratio, in vitro biodegradation (27 days), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), water solubility, and antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. SEM revealed interconnected porous networks with pore diameters of 200–400 µm, with the A70:K30 formulation exhibiting the most uniform distribution (280 ± 35 µm). FTIR confirmed successful integration of all three components, with hydrogen bonding between alginate and keratin and physical entrapment of phenolic compounds (1510, 1450 cm⁻¹). The A70:K30 formulation with 10% extract demonstrated superior performance: swelling ratio of 2350 ± 120% (vs. 1850 ± 95% without extract, p < 0.01), biodegradation of 82 ± 5% at day 27, WVTR of 425 ± 22 g/m²·h, and solubility of 21 ± 2.8%. Antibacterial activity was selective against Gram-positive S. aureus. The A70:K30 with 10% extract produced the largest inhibition zone (18.0 ± 1.2 mm), comparable to gentamicin (19.5 ± 1.0 mm), and the MIC of the hydrogel-eluted extract against S. aureus was 10 mg/mL. In conclusion, the A70:K30 hydrogel scaffold loaded with 10% Althaea officinalis extract exhibits optimal physicochemical properties and potent anti-staphylococcal activity comparable to standard antibiotics, positioning it as a promising naturally derived, cost-effective, and biocompatible wound dressing for managing infected chronic wounds. Chronic wound infections, particularly those caused by antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, represent a major global health burden, necessitating advanced naturally derived wound dressings with intrinsic antibacterial activity. This study aimed to fabricate a novel composite hydrogel scaffold based on sodium alginate, keratin, and Althaea officinalis extract, and identify the optimal formulation for wound dressing applications. Three alginate-to-keratin weight ratios (70:30, 50:50, and 30:70) were fabricated via ionic crosslinking with CaCl₂ followed by freeze-drying, and each formulation was loaded with Althaea officinalis extract at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 8%, and 10% (w/v). Scaffolds were characterized for morphology (SEM), chemical interactions (FTIR), swelling ratio, in vitro biodegradation (27 days), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), water solubility, and antibacterial activity against S. aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. SEM revealed interconnected porous networks with pore diameters of 200–400 µm, with the A70:K30 formulation exhibiting the most uniform distribution (280 ± 35 µm). FTIR confirmed successful integration of all three components, with hydrogen bonding between alginate and keratin and physical entrapment of phenolic compounds (1510, 1450 cm⁻¹). The A70:K30 formulation with 10% extract demonstrated superior performance: swelling ratio of 2350 ± 120% (vs. 1850 ± 95% without extract, p < 0.01), biodegradation of 82 ± 5% at day 27, WVTR of 425 ± 22 g/m²·h, and solubility of 21 ± 2.8%. Antibacterial activity was selective against Gram-positive S. aureus. The A70:K30 with 10% extract produced the largest inhibition zone (18.0 ± 1.2 mm), comparable to gentamicin (19.5 ± 1.0 mm), and the MIC of the hydrogel-eluted extract against S. aureus was 10 mg/mL. In conclusion, the A70:K30 hydrogel scaffold loaded with 10% Althaea officinalis extract exhibits optimal physicochemical properties and potent anti-staphylococcal activity comparable to standard antibiotics, positioning it as a promising naturally derived, cost-effective, and biocompatible wound dressing for managing infected chronic wounds.

https://ibhf.shandiz.ac.ir/article_245862_44ad03481eb7740070fd0470655c07d0.pdf